Malásia

Um curioso sistema político, com um tom bastante liberal:

Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, 45, was sworn in to the post in December, as King Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin's five-year term as monarch ended.

[...]

Under Malaysia's rotational monarchy, the heads of each of the nine hereditary states occupy the throne for five years.

The king's role is largely ceremonial, with power in the hands of parliament and the prime minister.

Malaysia is the only country in the world to have a rotating monarchy.

BBC News.

Do respectivo artigo da Wikipedia (Yang di-Pertuan Agong)

In a feature unique to the Malaysian monarchy, the position is de facto rotated every five years between the nine Rulers of the Malay states. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is formally elected by and from among the nine Rulers, who form the Conference of Rulers. The selection of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong initially followed an order based on the seniority (calculated by length of reign) of each Ruler drawn up at the then Malaya's independence from the UK in 1957. The original order has at times been varied by the Council of Rulers, which can vote to disqualify a candidate. Minors are automatically disqualified. After all nine Rulers of the states had served as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the order of seniority is based on the order of the states whose rulers have been elected as Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

[...]

The discretionary powers of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong mainly pertain to the Prime Minister's appointment, the dissolution of Parliament, and meetings of the Conference of Rulers "concerned solely with the privileges, position, honours and dignities of Their Royal Highnesses". Under the Westminster System, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is expected to appoint a Prime Minister who will command the confidence of a majority of the elected lower house of Parliament, the Dewan Rakyat; should the Prime Minister be unacceptable, he may be forced out by a vote of no confidence, which would force the King to appoint someone else. Conventionally, the Prime Minister is the head of the party with a majority in Parliament, which has been the Barisan Nasional (National Front, formerly known as the Alliance) since independence in 1957.

A Prime Minister's appointment is renewed after every general election until he decides to step down. A general election is called whenever the Prime Minister chooses to dissolve Parliament; however, only the lower house is elected by popular vote, while the Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints 44 members of the upper house, the Dewan Negara; the other members of this house, also known as Senators, are indirectly elected, as they are selected by the various state governments. As mentioned earlier, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may choose to refuse a request to dissolve Parliament, as this is one of his discretionary powers. In addition to these, he also appoints of the Mayor of Kuala Lumpur, which is a Federal Territory.

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, or Governors, of the states of Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak acting in his discretion after having considered the advice of the states Chief Minister. In addition, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the Head of Islam in the four states ruled by appointed Governors, the three federal territories as well as his own state.

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces.